An Atlas and Textbook of
Diagnostic Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat

Edited by:
Cordula Poulsen Nautrup, Dr Med Vet Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Hannover, Germany

Ralf Tobias, Dr Med Vet Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary School, Hannover, Germany

Veterinarians need increasingly to be familiar with the interpretation of ultrasound imaging. In this magnificent volume, the authors set new standards as they describe all the main aspects of sonography affecting diagnosis in dogs and cats, including ultrasound, m-mode, pulsed and colour Doppler echography. Particular attention is devoted to echocardiography, abdominal and pelvic sonography, and foetal ultrasonography. This book also deals with recognition of the disease process and courses of treatment. The authors further illustrate cases by using conventional radiography, computed microfocal tomographs, photographs of specimens and line drawings. Designed and produced for ease of use this volume will become a source of constant and essential reference for all veterinarians in training, practice, teaching and research who need to interpret ultrasound imaging.

Contents

Preface

Foreword

I Nomenclature and Abbreviations

II General Part

1. Terminology and Historical Review
   Terminology
   History of Diagnostic Ultrasonography.
   References
2. Physical Principles. 2.1
   Ultrasound. 2.2
   Interaction of Ultrasound Beams with Tissues
   Doppler Effect
   Doppler Frequency Spectrum
   Biological Effects of Ultrasound
   References
3. Technical Principles
   Ultrasound Beam Production and Reception
   Ultrasound Beam Geometry
   Resolution
   Pre- and Post-processing
   A-Mode
   B-Mode
   Doppler Mode
   Instrumentation and Documentation
   Acoustic Coupling Gel
   Stand-Off Pads
   Contrast Agents
   References
4. Sonographic Phenomena and Artefacts
   Sonographic Tissue Imaging
   Doppler Rheology
   Imaging Artefacts
   References
5. Examination Techniques
   Indications and Requirements
   Patient Preparation
   Patient Positioning
   Image Orientation and Documentation
   References

III SPECIAL DIAGNOSTICS.

6. Head
   Tongue
   Salivary Glands
   Brain
   Ocular Ultrasonography
   References
7. Neck
   Instrumentation and Examination Technique
   Muscles, Connective Tissue and Fat
   Larynx, Trachea and Oesophagus
   Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
   Lymph Nodes
   Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein
   References
8. Thoracic Cavity except the Heart
   Hydrothorax, Haemothorax, Chylothorax and Pyothorax
   Neoplasia
   Oesophagus
   Diaphragm
   References
9. Heart
   Echography of the Normal Heart
   Echography of Heart Disease
   References
10. Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity
    Gastrointestinal Tract
    Liver and Gallbladder
    Pancreas
    Spleen
    Kidneys and Ureters
    Urinary Bladder and Urethra
    Adrenal Glands
    Lymph Nodes
    Ovaries
    Uterus and Vagina
    Scrotum, Testes and Epididymis
    Prostate Gland
11. Pregnancy and Parturition, Mammary Glands
    Normal Pregnancy
    Pathological Pregnancy
    Parturition
    Post-partum Uterus
    Duplex Sonography
    Mammary Glands
    References
12. Limbs and Spine
    Requirements
    Musculature
    Tendons
    Bone
    Joints
    Large Vessels and Nerves
    Spinal Cord
    References
13. Special Diagnostic Ultrasound Procedures
    Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy
    Monitoring Bone Healing with B-Mode Ultrasonography
    Possibilities and Limitations of Ultrasonography in Monitoring Secondary Fracture Healing
    Three-dimensional Ultrasonography
    Interventional Ultrasonography.

Index