Carbonate Sediments and Rocks Under the Microscope
A Colour Atlas
A. E. Adams, Senior Lecturer in Geology University of Manchester
W. S. MacKenzie, formerly Emeritus Professor of Petrology University of Manchester
More than half of the world's petroleum is to be found in carbonate rocks, for example in the Middle East, the former USSR and in North America. These rocks show a bewildering diversity of grains and textures, due in part to the wealth of different fossil organisms which have contributed to carbonate sedimentation, and in part to a wide variety of diagenetic processes which can radically modify textures and obscure the depositional fabric.
Careful petrographic study with a polarising microscope is a key element of any study of carbonate sediments, as a companion to field or core logging, and as a necessary precursor to geochemical analysis. This atlas, which illustrates in full colour a range of features not attempted in any general textbook, is designed as a laboratory manual to keep beside the microscope, as an aid to identifying grain types and textures in carbonates. It will appeal alike to undergraduate and graduate students and to professionals in teaching institutions, research laboratories and industry.
Contents
Introduction
Staining
Coated Grains:
- Definitions
- Ooids
- Pisoids
- Oncoids
- Other Coated Grains
Peloids, Aggregate Grains, Intraclasts & Lithoclasts. Bioclasts:
- Introduction
- Bivalves
- Gastropods
- Cephalopods
- Brachiopods
- Corals
- Stromatoporoids
- Sponges
- Bryozoans
- Foraminifera
- Echinoderms
- Calcareous Algae
- Trilobites
- Ostracods
- Worm Tubes and Vermiforms
- Tentaculites
- Tintinnids
- Radiolarians
- Microbial Structures
Diagenesis:
- Introduction
- Micritization
- Pedogenic Features
- Cementation
- Compaction & Tectonic Features
- Neomorphism
- Microspar & Pseudospar
- Dolomites
- Dedolomites
- Silica
- Evaporite & Pyrite Cements and Replacement
Porosity
Limestone Classification
Cathodoluminescence
Bibliography
Index
